Potentials and limitations of battery-electric container ship propulsion systems

authored by: Lukas Kistner, Astrid Bensmann, Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach
Abstract: The defossilization of the open-sea ship traffic can most definitely only be achieved with alternative energy carriers. Besides synthetic fuels, battery-electric propulsion is a much-discussed measure, especially for smaller vessels and short passages. However, there is no consensus on quantitative ship characteristics that would allow for the application of batteries instead of a fuel-based solution. Therefore, limitations of battery propulsion systems are assessed for 45 vessels with a range of transport capacities. The most common marine battery technologies are evaluated both economically and environmentally by directly comparing their performances with state-of-the-art combustion engines. Mass and volume limitations of the ship are monitored, and emerging opportunity costs are quantified in addition to capital and operating expenses. The application of battery-electric propulsion systems is found not to be limited by the vessel size but mostly by the operated passage length. While distances of up to 15,000 km are technically achievable, economic limitations are effectively reducing the area of application to a maximum of 10,000 km. However, when comparing battery solutions with conventional diesel combustion engines, economic competitiveness is only observed for passages of up to 2,500 km when including a carbon tax and forecasting optimistic battery developments.
Organisation(s): Institute of Electric Power Systems
Section Electrical Energy Storage Systems
Type: Article
Journal: Energy Conversion and Management: X
Volume: 21
Publication date: 01.2024
Publication status: Published
Peer reviewed: Yes
ASJC Scopus subject areas: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Fuel Technology, Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, SDG 14 - Life Below Water
Electronic version(s): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2023.100507 (Access: Open)

BibTeX

@article{c5d998acbecc4cad97c5a4da81e50ce7,
title = "Potentials and limitations of battery-electric container ship propulsion systems",
abstract = "The defossilization of the open-sea ship traffic can most definitely only be achieved with alternative energy carriers. Besides synthetic fuels, battery-electric propulsion is a much-discussed measure, especially for smaller vessels and short passages. However, there is no consensus on quantitative ship characteristics that would allow for the application of batteries instead of a fuel-based solution. Therefore, limitations of battery propulsion systems are assessed for 45 vessels with a range of transport capacities. The most common marine battery technologies are evaluated both economically and environmentally by directly comparing their performances with state-of-the-art combustion engines. Mass and volume limitations of the ship are monitored, and emerging opportunity costs are quantified in addition to capital and operating expenses. The application of battery-electric propulsion systems is found not to be limited by the vessel size but mostly by the operated passage length. While distances of up to 15,000 km are technically achievable, economic limitations are effectively reducing the area of application to a maximum of 10,000 km. However, when comparing battery solutions with conventional diesel combustion engines, economic competitiveness is only observed for passages of up to 2,500 km when including a carbon tax and forecasting optimistic battery developments.",
keywords = "Battery-electric ship, Decarbonization of the shipping sector, Environmental assessment, Marine battery systems, System design optimization, Techno-economic comparison",
author = "Lukas Kistner and Astrid Bensmann and Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach",
note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the marine battery system manufacturers Tesvolt, Eikto, Leclanch{\'e} and Saft for their contribution to our discussions and recognize their commitment to providing comprehensive information. The results presented are achieved by computations carried out on the cluster system at the Leibniz Universit{\"a}t Hannover, Germany. ",
year = "2024",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1016/j.ecmx.2023.100507",
language = "English",
volume = "21",
journal = "Energy Conversion and Management: X",
issn = "2590-1745",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",
}