Graphene quantum Hall resistance standard for realizing the unit of electrical resistance under relaxed experimental conditions

authored by: Yefei Yin, Mattias Kruskopf, Pierre Gournay, Benjamin Rolland, Martin Götz, Eckart Pesel, Teresa Tschirner, Davood Momeni, Atasi Chatterjee, Frank Hohls, Klaus Pierz, Hansjörg Scherer, Rolf J. Haug, Hans Werner Schumacher
Abstract: Quantum Hall resistance (QHR) standards play an essential role in the traceability route for the units ohm, farad, ampere, and kilogram in the revised International System of Units (SI). While the primary realization of the unit ohm is still mainly based on GaAs QHR standards in extreme conditions, epitaxial graphene on SiC is a promising alternative to develop QHR standards operating under relaxed conditions due to its wide Landau level splitting and strong Fermi level pinning. Here, we show that epitaxial graphene QHR standards can be operated to reach a high accuracy of less than 2 nω/ω (two parts per billion) at a moderate magnetic flux density of B = 4.5 T, high current of I = 232.5 μA, and easier to access temperature of T = 4.2 K, simultaneously. Repeated measurements in these relaxed conditions over 2.5 years demonstrate the temporal stability and robustness of the QHR standard with an accuracy of 2nω/ω. Furthermore, the accuracy of the graphene QHR standards has been maintained without any indications of degradation, even after experiencing long-distance transport of more than 800 km between two metrology institutes. When implemented, graphene QHR standards may lead to broader dissemination of primary resistance standards beyond national metrology institutes, extending to calibration laboratories and industry on-site.
Organisation(s): Institute of Solid State Physics
External Organisation(s): Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt PTB
International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM)
Type: Article
Journal: Physical review applied
Volume: 23
No. of pages: 12
ISSN: 2331-7019
Publication date: 13.01.2025
Publication status: Published
Peer reviewed: Yes
ASJC Scopus subject areas: General Physics and Astronomy
Electronic version(s): https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.23.014025 (Access: Closed)

BibTeX

@article{a85e860f67e84d4e926b425922afd862,
title = "Graphene quantum Hall resistance standard for realizing the unit of electrical resistance under relaxed experimental conditions",
abstract = "Quantum Hall resistance (QHR) standards play an essential role in the traceability route for the units ohm, farad, ampere, and kilogram in the revised International System of Units (SI). While the primary realization of the unit ohm is still mainly based on GaAs QHR standards in extreme conditions, epitaxial graphene on SiC is a promising alternative to develop QHR standards operating under relaxed conditions due to its wide Landau level splitting and strong Fermi level pinning. Here, we show that epitaxial graphene QHR standards can be operated to reach a high accuracy of less than 2 nω/ω (two parts per billion) at a moderate magnetic flux density of B = 4.5 T, high current of I = 232.5 μA, and easier to access temperature of T = 4.2 K, simultaneously. Repeated measurements in these relaxed conditions over 2.5 years demonstrate the temporal stability and robustness of the QHR standard with an accuracy of 2nω/ω. Furthermore, the accuracy of the graphene QHR standards has been maintained without any indications of degradation, even after experiencing long-distance transport of more than 800 km between two metrology institutes. When implemented, graphene QHR standards may lead to broader dissemination of primary resistance standards beyond national metrology institutes, extending to calibration laboratories and industry on-site.",
author = "Yefei Yin and Mattias Kruskopf and Pierre Gournay and Benjamin Rolland and Martin G{\"o}tz and Eckart Pesel and Teresa Tschirner and Davood Momeni and Atasi Chatterjee and Frank Hohls and Klaus Pierz and Hansj{\"o}rg Scherer and Haug, {Rolf J.} and Schumacher, {Hans Werner}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 American Physical Society.",
year = "2025",
month = jan,
day = "13",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevApplied.23.014025",
language = "English",
volume = "23",
journal = "Physical review applied",
issn = "2331-7019",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "1",
}