Influence of ambient pressure on laser beam melting of lunar regolith simulant

authored by: Tjorben Griemsmann, Joel Patzwald, Chetan Chawda, Tim Eismann, Arvid Abel, Nicole Emminghaus, Jörg Hermsdorf, Enrico Stoll, Ludger Overmeyer
Abstract: The construction of a lunar base requires a huge amount of material, which cannot be entirely transported from Earth. Therefore, technologies are needed to build with locally available resources, such as the lunar regolith. One approach is to directly melt the lunar regolith on the surface and under the vacuum condition of the Moon, using laser radiation. In this article, a lunar regolith simulant is laser beam melted to two-dimensional single-layer-structures using different ambient pressures from 0.05 mbar to 2000 mbar, laser process parameters from 60 W to 100 W laser power, and 1 mm s⁻¹ to 3 mm s⁻¹ feed rates. Additionally, the influence of the ambient gas was investigated using argon as an air alternative. The results show that the ambient pressure on the Moon is not negligible when studying the melting processes of lunar regolith on Earth. With decreasing ambient pressure, the appearance of the melted regolith simulant varies from a shiny to a matt surface. At the highest laser energy density, the thickness of a single-layer increases from 2.6 ± 0.4 mm to 5.3 ± 0.3 mm and the porosity of the melted regolith increases from 17.2 % to 52.2 % with decreasing ambient pressure. Additionally, mechanical properties are determined using 3-point bending tests. The maximum bending strength decreases by 60 % with the increased ambient pressure from 10 mbar to 2000 mbar. Consequently, the development of in-situ resource utilization technologies, which process the lunar regolith directly on the lunar surface, must consider the ambient pressure on the Moon. Otherwise, the processes will not work as expected from the experiments in Earth-based laboratories.
Organisation(s): Institute of Transport and Automation Technology
External Organisation(s): Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. (LZH)
Technische Universität Berlin
Type: Article
Journal: Acta astronautica
Volume: 228
Pages: 30-41
No. of pages: 12
ISSN: 0094-5765
Publication date: 03.2025
Publication status: Published
Peer reviewed: Yes
ASJC Scopus subject areas: Aerospace Engineering
Electronic version(s): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.11.057 (Access: Open)

BibTeX

@article{3f17c15a0384452aa007ccb8ad4976e8,
title = "Influence of ambient pressure on laser beam melting of lunar regolith simulant",
abstract = "The construction of a lunar base requires a huge amount of material, which cannot be entirely transported from Earth. Therefore, technologies are needed to build with locally available resources, such as the lunar regolith. One approach is to directly melt the lunar regolith on the surface and under the vacuum condition of the Moon, using laser radiation. In this article, a lunar regolith simulant is laser beam melted to two-dimensional single-layer-structures using different ambient pressures from 0.05 mbar to 2000 mbar, laser process parameters from 60 W to 100 W laser power, and 1 mm s−1 to 3 mm s−1 feed rates. Additionally, the influence of the ambient gas was investigated using argon as an air alternative. The results show that the ambient pressure on the Moon is not negligible when studying the melting processes of lunar regolith on Earth. With decreasing ambient pressure, the appearance of the melted regolith simulant varies from a shiny to a matt surface. At the highest laser energy density, the thickness of a single-layer increases from 2.6 ± 0.4 mm to 5.3 ± 0.3 mm and the porosity of the melted regolith increases from 17.2 % to 52.2 % with decreasing ambient pressure. Additionally, mechanical properties are determined using 3-point bending tests. The maximum bending strength decreases by 60 % with the increased ambient pressure from 10 mbar to 2000 mbar. Consequently, the development of in-situ resource utilization technologies, which process the lunar regolith directly on the lunar surface, must consider the ambient pressure on the Moon. Otherwise, the processes will not work as expected from the experiments in Earth-based laboratories.",
keywords = "Construction on the moon, In-situ resource utilization, Laser beam melting, Lunar regolith, Vacuum",
author = "Tjorben Griemsmann and Joel Patzwald and Chetan Chawda and Tim Eismann and Arvid Abel and Nicole Emminghaus and J{\"o}rg Hermsdorf and Enrico Stoll and Ludger Overmeyer",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 The Authors",
year = "2025",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.11.057",
language = "English",
volume = "228",
pages = "30--41",
journal = "Acta astronautica",
issn = "0094-5765",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",
}