Frequenzstabilisierung eines hochstabilen Lasersystems bis zum Thermischen-Rausch-Limit und Berechnungen eines Laser-Synergie-Konzeptes

authored by
Steffen Rühmann
supervised by
Ernst Maria Rasel
Abstract

Frequencies are the physical values which can be measured most precisely. Many measurement principles and devices are therefore based on the determinination of the phase and frequency of an accurate and stable oscillator. The precise determination of time intervals improves with increasing frequency of the periodic signal explicited as frequency standard.Optical frequencies are about four to fve orders of magnitudes larger compared to current microwave frequency standards, which still defne the SI-second, and have therefore a larger potential. The development of the frequency comb in the year 1998 increased the advance in optical clock technologies. Due to their importance in frequency measurements its development was awarded with the Nobel Prize in 2005. An atomic reference defnes the accuracy of such a frequency. For that purpose it needs to be well isolated from environmental disturbances. Current most precise optical clocks achieve instabilities and accuracies in the order of 10^{−18} [3]. This would correspond to an accuracy of one second compared to the age of the universe. To achieve such a precision in short time scales an ultrastable local oscillator is necessary, which is capable of adressing the ultranarrow atomic transition and stays that stable in between the measurement cycle time. The achievable accuracy of these atomic references exceed the instabilites of the oscillators and therefore those became a limiting factor. So currently the improvement in the stability of these local oscillators is an important feld of research [4]. In this work I show how to stabilize a laser to its fundamental limit, which is the brownian thermal noise and therefore to push the limits for future setups. Instabilities in the order of 4 · 10^{−16} in 1 second are achieved with best values of 2 · 10^{−16} for integration times of a few ten seconds, which is even below the calculated thermal noise floor, but still as part of the statistical error. Additionally the long term performance could be improved. Compared to other room temperature based systems scaled to the same resonator length it achieves the lowest instability in the time scale of 4 - 40 seconds. The best published instability of a lasersystem is the cryogenic silicon resonator based lasersystem which is almost one order of magnitude better [5]. Another part of this work is the theoretical evaluation of a laser-synergy-concept to improve the short term stability of clock laser systems. I explain this concept taking laser systems into account, which originally were not ment for use in atomic clock systems. Specifcally I looked into the potential of gravitational wave detector systems. I show calculations, which indicate an improvement of clock laser systems. Additionally in this work I completed the current implementation of the fiber link between PTB and IQ and characterized its performance. I realized first laser comparisons and I could exclude former limits for frequency measurements, which where already succesful in the meantime.

Organisation(s)
QUEST-Leibniz Research School
Type
Doctoral thesis
No. of pages
112
Publication date
2018
Publication status
Published
Electronic version(s)
https://doi.org/10.15488/4304 (Access: Unknown)
 

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