Development of Material Sensors Made of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel for Load Monitoring

verfasst von: René Gansel, Christian Heinrich, Armin Lohrengel, Hans Jürgen Maier, Sebastian Barton
Abstract: Metastable stainless steels can be used as a load-sensitive sensor. In combination with an eddy current testing system, mechanical overloads of a component can be detected directly during operation. Material sensors were prepared by shot peening fatigue specimen of metastable austenitic steel to obtain a martensitic surface layer and a local heating by a laser beam to obtain an austenitic area in the layer. In order to investigate the response of the material sensor to overload and achieve different trigger thresholds, the thermal energy applied to create the sensor material and the geometry of the material sensors were varied. It is shown that the austenitized volume and the martensite fraction in the material sensor correlate with the phase of the eddy current signals. Starting from the martensitic surface layer, the phase decreases as the austenitized volume increases. If martensite formation takes place due to an overload, the phase increases as a result. To determine the threshold stress needed to trigger the material sensor, cyclic rotating bending tests were carried out on austenitic stainless steel 1.4301 (AISI 304). In step tests, the bending stress was gradually increased and subsequently ex-situ eddy current testing was carried out. The potential for predicting and classifying an overload is significantly greater with a higher applied thermal energy. Three different sensor geometries (rhombus, cross and ring) were employed in tests. In comparison, the rhombus-shaped material sensor provided the greatest potential for load history interpretation due to the significant phase change.
Organisationseinheit(en): Institut für Werkstoffkunde
Externe Organisation(en): Technische Universität Clausthal
Typ: Artikel
Journal: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
Band: 33
Seiten: 13570-13582
Anzahl der Seiten: 13
ISSN: 1059-9495
Publikationsdatum: 12.2024
Publikationsstatus: Veröffentlicht
Peer-reviewed: Ja
ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete: Allgemeine Materialwissenschaften, Werkstoffmechanik, Maschinenbau
Elektronische Version(en): https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09910-9 (Zugang: Offen)

BibTeX

@article{5bba6b9861b44ac38c65b6ea36bdeb44,
title = "Development of Material Sensors Made of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel for Load Monitoring",
abstract = "Metastable stainless steels can be used as a load-sensitive sensor. In combination with an eddy current testing system, mechanical overloads of a component can be detected directly during operation. Material sensors were prepared by shot peening fatigue specimen of metastable austenitic steel to obtain a martensitic surface layer and a local heating by a laser beam to obtain an austenitic area in the layer. In order to investigate the response of the material sensor to overload and achieve different trigger thresholds, the thermal energy applied to create the sensor material and the geometry of the material sensors were varied. It is shown that the austenitized volume and the martensite fraction in the material sensor correlate with the phase of the eddy current signals. Starting from the martensitic surface layer, the phase decreases as the austenitized volume increases. If martensite formation takes place due to an overload, the phase increases as a result. To determine the threshold stress needed to trigger the material sensor, cyclic rotating bending tests were carried out on austenitic stainless steel 1.4301 (AISI 304). In step tests, the bending stress was gradually increased and subsequently ex-situ eddy current testing was carried out. The potential for predicting and classifying an overload is significantly greater with a higher applied thermal energy. Three different sensor geometries (rhombus, cross and ring) were employed in tests. In comparison, the rhombus-shaped material sensor provided the greatest potential for load history interpretation due to the significant phase change.",
keywords = "austenitic stainless steel, electromagnetic testing, fatigue, material sensor, non-destructive testing, overload monitoring",
author = "Ren{\'e} Gansel and Christian Heinrich and Armin Lohrengel and Maier, {Hans J{\"u}rgen} and Sebastian Barton",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2024.",
year = "2024",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1007/s11665-024-09910-9",
language = "English",
volume = "33",
pages = "13570--13582",
journal = "Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance",
issn = "1059-9495",
publisher = "Springer New York",
number = "23",
}