Free-space interferometer design for optical frequency dissemination and out-of-loop characterization below the 10−21-level

verfasst von

Thomas Jürss, Gesine Grosche, Sebastian Koke

Abstract

For improving the performance of optical frequency dissemination and the resolution of its out-of-loop (OOL) characterization, we investigate a compact free-space interferometer design in which a monolithic assembly forms the reference arm. Two interferometer designs are realized, and their environmental sensitivity is analyzed based on the properties of the materials involved. We elucidate that in these designs the temperature sensitivities of the out-of-loop signal paths are greater than for the reference arm. As the estimated temperature-variation-induced frequency transfer errors are observed to be the relevant limitation, the out-of-loop characterization signal can be regarded as a trustworthy upper limit of the frequency transfer error to a remote place. We demonstrate a fractional frequency transfer uncertainty and OOL characterization resolution of ≤2.7 × 10

⁻²¹ over many measurement runs. With a value of (0.23 ± 1.07) × 10

⁻²² the weighted mean offset is significantly below the best reported results so far.

Externe Organisation(en)

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)

Typ

Artikel

Journal

Photonics research

Band

Seiten

1113-1124

Anzahl der Seiten

ISSN

2327-9125

Publikationsdatum

06.2023

Publikationsstatus

Veröffentlicht

Peer-reviewed

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

Elektronische, optische und magnetische Materialien, Atom- und Molekularphysik sowie Optik

Elektronische Version(en)

https://doi.org/10.1364/prj.485899 (Zugang: Geschlossen)

BibTeX

@article{9dfd53d7073c4b0598d5c8e8a660bbe9,
title = "Free-space interferometer design for optical frequency dissemination and out-of-loop characterization below the 10−21-level",
abstract = "For improving the performance of optical frequency dissemination and the resolution of its out-of-loop (OOL) characterization, we investigate a compact free-space interferometer design in which a monolithic assembly forms the reference arm. Two interferometer designs are realized, and their environmental sensitivity is analyzed based on the properties of the materials involved. We elucidate that in these designs the temperature sensitivities of the out-of-loop signal paths are greater than for the reference arm. As the estimated temperature-variation-induced frequency transfer errors are observed to be the relevant limitation, the out-of-loop characterization signal can be regarded as a trustworthy upper limit of the frequency transfer error to a remote place. We demonstrate a fractional frequency transfer uncertainty and OOL characterization resolution of ≤2.7 × 10 −21 over many measurement runs. With a value of (0.23 ± 1.07) × 10 −22 the weighted mean offset is significantly below the best reported results so far.",
author = "Thomas J{\"u}rss and Gesine Grosche and Sebastian Koke",
note = "Funding Information: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (CRC 1464 Terra-Q (Project-ID 434617780), EXC-2123 Quantum Frontiers (Project-ID 390837967)); European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (18SIB06 TiFOON). We thank Alexandre Didier and Tanja Mehlst{\"a}ubler for providing the UV curable adhesive, the group of Uwe Sterr and Tim M{\"u}ller from the Department of Hydrology and River Basin Management of the Technical University Braunschweig for providing the air pressure measurements. We are grateful to Thomas Legero and Uwe Sterr for the PT100 temperature sensor calibration. We acknowledge fruitful discussions with Jochen Kronj{\"a}ger, Erik Benkler, Alexander Kuhl, Thomas Waterholter, Andreas Koczwara (all PTB), Gudrun Wanner (AEI), Stephan Anders and Peter Zimmermann (both Layertec). The published work is part of the TiFOON project. This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. In addition, we received funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy Quantum Frontiers. ",
year = "2023",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1364/prj.485899",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
pages = "1113--1124",
journal = "Photonics research",
issn = "2327-9125",
publisher = "OSA Publishing",
number = "6",
}